ISBN 9780738553351.BREAKING NEWS: The editors of Outside Magazine have just named Backbone State Park's campground to the list of the Nation's Best Campground in Every State! Read moreīackbone State Park is Iowa's oldest state park, dedicated in 1919. : Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) "Interstate Commerce Commission reports: reports and decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States". ^ a b c United States Interstate Commerce Commission (1921).
Green Gold: The Story of the Hassinger Lumber Company of Konnarock, Virginia. Proceedings of the American Railway Association.
^ American Railway Association (1906). History of Southwest Virginia, 1746-1786, Washington County, 1777-1870. Rolling Stock Rolling Stock on the Beaver Dam Railroad (1916) Type Forest Service currently maintains a recreational center and campground near the old tunnel, which is located in the Cherokee National Forest. After the Tennessee section of the Beaver Dam Railroad was abandoned in 1918, the tunnel was widened for the use of Tennessee State Route 133, which still passes through today. To fix this problem, a section of the cliff was hand-chiseled out to increase the tunnel's clearance in order to allow trains to pass through. At only twenty-two feet in length, the tunnel was known locally as the "shortest tunnel in the world." After the tunnel was bored and the tracks laid, it was found that the tunnel was not tall enough to clear the steam locomotive's smokestack. The Backbone Rock tunnel was a short tunnel on the Beaver Dam Railroad's Tennessee section, blasted through in 1901 from a rock cliff that stood in the way of the railroad's progression. At this point, the railroad only operated 1.386 miles (2.231 km) of single track mainline and 0.129 miles (208 m) of yard or siding track, yet it did not actually own any track or property (except for one steam locomotive and a passenger car). However, this section would continue to operate under the Beaver Dam name into the 1920s by the Smethport Extract Company serving its plant near Damascus. Thus, in 1918, the Tennessee section of the railroad was abandoned, leaving only the short Virginia section. In the early 1910s, the companies which had originally provided the need for the Beaver Dam Railroad began to pull out as timber supplies ran short. In 1910, the 1.386 miles (2.231 km) long Virginia section previously operated by the Virginia Carolina Railway was leased to the Beaver Dam Railroad, which assumed its operations, at an annual rate of $300. This railroad was leased by the Beaver Dam Railroad and operated under its control as one unit. A six-mile extension, the Crandull and Shady Valley Railroad, was incorporated on December 15, 1909, to extend the line from Crandull to Shady Valley, Tennessee. 
The line from Crandull to Damascus, a distance of about ten miles, was completed by 1902. The Tennessee Lumber and Manufacturing Company began its own operations near Sutherland, Tennessee, around 1900 and would soon come to use the Beaver Dam Railroad for its products. Originally, the portion of the line from the Tennessee-Virginia border to Damascus, Virginia, was operated by the Virginia-Carolina Railway. To transport finished lumber from the company's sawmill in Crandull, Tennessee, the Beaver Dam Railroad was incorporated on August 6, 1900, and constructed from Crandull to the Tennessee-Virginia state border (a distance of 8.52 miles (13.71 km)), where a connection with the Virginia-Carolina Railway would be made. In the late nineteenth century, the Empire Lumber and Mining Company began logging operations in northeastern Tennessee.
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